LTL Freight Classifications Explained
Melton Logistics – 10/31/2024
Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipping is the act of transporting less than a full truck load of goods from one point to another. One of the most critical factors to understand before utilizing this method is freight class. Whether you’re new to the logistics industry or an experienced shipper, knowing your LTL freight class is key to ensuring smooth, cost-effective operations.
The Importance of LTL Freight Class
In an effort to create consistent freight pricing, The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) put together a freight classification system. LTL freight class is a standardized system used to categorize cargo and determine pricing accordingly, so it directly impacts how much you pay to move goods.
Here are the main reasons why knowing your LTL freight class is essential:
• Incorrect classification can result in either underpayment (which leads to adjustments and additional fees) or overpayment for shipping.
• Shipping delays can occur when a carrier has to reclassify your shipment due to misclassification. This can happen during transit or when the freight is being processed at the terminal. These delays can be costly in terms of both time and money.
• Misclassification of freight can lead to a greater risk of damage, as many shippers will use these classifications as a basis for how trailers should be stacked and organized. Proper classification ensures that freight is transported correctly to prevent loss.
What is LTL Freight Class Measured On?
There are 18 freight classes used in the shipping industry, ranging from Class 50 (the least expensive) to Class 500 (the most expensive). These classes are determined based on four key characteristics of the freight:
• Density: The weight range per cubic foot of an item.
• Handling: How much effort is required to move and handle the freight during transport?
• Storage Capability: How easily can the freight be stowed with other cargo?
• Liability: The likelihood of the freight being damaged or perishing during transit.
Here is a short breakdown of the freight class range. Your freight may fall in between these classes:
| Class Name | Weight Limits | Example Freight |
| Class 50 | 50+ lbs | Durable goods with low value, like construction materials |
| Classes 55-85 | 12-50 lbs | Moderately dense items like car parts, paper goods, etc. |
| Classes 100-150 | 6-9 lbs | Midrange density items like electronics or machinery |
| Classes 175-300 |
2-5 lbs |
Lighter items that may hold more value like stuffed furniture or models |
| Classes 400-500 | > 2 lbs | High value items or low density items, like ping pong balls |
How to Measure and Classify Your Freight
Getting your freight class right involves measuring the characteristics of your shipment accurately. Here’s how to classify your freight step by step:
1. Measure Dimensions and Weight: Start by measuring the length, width, and height of your freight, including the packaging. Once you’ve found the appropriate measurements, you’ll need to determine the density of these shipments. Freight with lower density will typically have a higher freight class.
2. Assess Handling Requirements: Shipments with higher handling requirements can be determined by how much effort or care is needed to move the freight. Items that require special equipment or are fragile may result in a higher freight class.
3. Review Liability: Liability involves assessing how likely it is that the freight could be damaged or perish during transit. Fragile or high-value items often fall into a higher class due to the greater risks associated with them.
Let Melton Logistics Handle Your LTL Freight
Knowing your freight class is essential for ensuring accurate pricing, avoiding shipping delays, and preventing disputes with carriers. The freight classes provide a framework to help carriers determine the best pricing and shipment methods. By properly measuring and classifying your freight, you can minimize costs and keep your logistics operations running smoothly.
Always take the time to measure your freight correctly and review the characteristics before selecting a freight class. If you’re ever in doubt, consult with a shipping expert to ensure accuracy. In the competitive world of LTL shipping, knowing your freight class can make a major difference. At Melton Logistics, we have experience dealing will all types of freight, including LTL shipments. If you’re ready to learn more, please view our services page.